{"id":7084,"date":"2015-05-14T17:35:26","date_gmt":"2015-05-14T16:35:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bvblog.wpengine.com\/?p=7084"},"modified":"2016-02-17T13:17:04","modified_gmt":"2016-02-17T13:17:04","slug":"the-insatiable-appetite-lionfish-target-the-worlds-most-threatened-coral-reef-fish","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.blueventures.org\/en\/the-insatiable-appetite-lionfish-target-the-worlds-most-threatened-coral-reef-fish\/","title":{"rendered":"The insatiable appetite: Lionfish target the world’s most threatened coral reef fish"},"content":{"rendered":"

The red lionfish (Pterois volitans<\/em>) is a beautiful fish. In its native range \u2013 which extends from the Pacific Islands through the Coral Triangle and into\u00a0the Indian Ocean to the eastern coast of Africa \u2013 to see a lionfish on a dive is considered lucky. There, they rarely grow larger than 20cm, are reclusive during the day, and are found at relatively low densities.<\/p>\n

\"Lionfish

Lionfish are found in low densities in their native range, and like this fish photographed in Madagascar, are a welcome sighting on dives<\/p><\/div>\n

Not so in the Caribbean, where lionfish were accidentally introduced to the waters of the Florida Keys in the 1980s. In its new environment, the lionfish flourished. Their na\u00efve prey were easy to catch, allowing the predator\u00a0to grow rapidly and reproduce quickly. The ocean\u2019s currents transported lionfish across the wider Caribbean region, with sightings being reported in\u00a0new locations with increasing frequency from the early 2000s.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Timeline of the lionfish invasion (from USGS)<\/p><\/div>\n

They have since become one of the single greatest threats to coral reefs and their associated fisheries. In the Caribbean, where lionfish are bigger and more abundant, they have caused declines of up to 95% in native fish biomass. Their diet is also broader; lionfish are the only known predator to feed on ecologically important parrotfish, reinforcing concerns of the impact this fish\u00a0will have on Caribbean coral reef health in the long term.<\/p>\n

Despite this, invasive lionfish do not eat all fish equally.<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cReef fish that are small and cigar shaped, that are just off the bottom, and that swim alone, are 200 times more likely to be eaten than fish with opposite characteristics<\/em>.\u201d \u2013 Dr. Stephanie Green, 2014, in: Picky Eaters (you can listen to the full audio below).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

These characteristics closely match those of the social wrasse \u00a0(Halichoeres socialis), <\/em>which is\u00a0small, cigar-shaped and lives just off the bottom in\u00a0the shallow coral reefs and mangroves of Pelican Cayes, southern Belize. Found nowhere else in the world and only discovered in 2003, this small fish was already listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List due to extensive habitat loss in its tiny, 10 km\u00b2 range.<\/p>\n

Recent research<\/a> which\u00a0identified lionfish stomach contents in the Pelican Cayes, revealed that the social wrasse comprises almost half of the lionfish diet in the area. This new and significant threat has led the authors of the study to claim that Belize\u2019s social wrasse might be the world\u2019s most threatened coral reef fish.<\/p>\n

\"Lionfish

Lionfish dissection to examine the stomach contents [image by JD Toppins]<\/p><\/div>Something needs to be done. The complete\u00a0eradication of lionfish is no longer considered possible, however it is now known that lionfish population suppression does work. To effectively reduce\u00a0lionfish populations, it is first necessary to calculate the current density of lionfish, as well as the lionfish population density at which native fish species populations recover, also called the \u201cthreshold density\u201d.<\/p>\n

For the social wrasse, this is good news. Blue Ventures\u2019 lionfish expeditions<\/a> to Bacalar Chico Marine Reserve, recently listed in National Geographic’s Tours of a Lifetime<\/a>, have collected data on lionfish populations which is\u00a0now being used to design surveys in the South Water Caye Marine Reserve \u2013 including the Pelican Cayes area. Surveys are scheduled to take place later this year, and the data collected will be used to create tangible management targets and a strategy for lionfish control in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.<\/p>\n

We would like to thank MAR Fund for providing the support that makes it possible to conduct these surveys and develop a strategy for control, as well as the Belize Fisheries Department, Lad Akins (REEF) and Dr. Stephanie Green for their valued partnership.<\/em><\/p>\n

Photo credit for banner image: Gordon Kirkwood (2013)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The red lionfish (Pterois volitans) is a beautiful fish. In its native range \u2013 which extends from the Pacific Islands through the Coral Triangle and into\u00a0the Indian Ocean to the eastern coast of Africa \u2013 to see a lionfish on […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":80,"featured_media":7106,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[115,472],"tags":[499,512,494,485,516,511],"class_list":["post-7084","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-belize","category-invasive-species","tag-coral-reef","tag-expeditions-2","tag-lionfish-2","tag-marine-conservation","tag-marine-research","tag-volunteering"],"yoast_head":"\nThe insatiable appetite: Lionfish target the world's most threatened coral reef fish - Blue Ventures - Beyond Conservation blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The red lionfish (Pterois volitans) is a beautiful fish. 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