{"id":27517,"date":"2022-01-12T13:39:30","date_gmt":"2022-01-12T13:39:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.blueventures.org\/?p=27517"},"modified":"2022-02-02T11:41:09","modified_gmt":"2022-02-02T11:41:09","slug":"fikarohana-arina-fandrehitra-maharitra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.blueventures.org\/mg\/fikarohana-arina-fandrehitra-maharitra\/","title":{"rendered":"Fikarohana arina fandrehitra maharitra"},"content":{"rendered":"

Telo taona lasa izay, raha nandray ny toerana maha-tompon\u2019andraikitry ny faritra Avaratra-Atsinanan\u2019i Madagasikara ato amin\u2019ny Blue Ventures aho, dia nilaza tamiko ny lehibeko : \u00ab\u00a0Ny sedra mafy indrindra holalovanao, dia ny fihenan\u2019ny ala honko malaky dia malaky any amin\u2019ny faritra \u00bb. Eny, tandindonin-doza ny ala honko sarobidy misy eo amin\u2019ny velaran-tany 140.000ha any avaratra-andrefan\u2019i Madagasikara, ary 3,74% isan-taona ny tahan\u2019ny fandripahana ala ao Ambanja, noho ny mponina mikapa hazo ho an\u2019ny lakozia sy ny fanamboarana. Kanefa, ny ala honko dia sady mifoka karibaonina maro no miaro amin\u2019ny tafio-drivotra sy ny tondra-drano, no sady fonenana voajanaharin\u2019ireo hazan-dranomasina izay iveloman\u2019ny mponina amorontsiraka. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Across Madagascar, mangrove trees are illegally and unsustainably exploited for charcoal | Photo: Garth Cripps<\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Ambanja’s mangrove forests are declining at an alarming rate | Photo: Garth Cripps<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

Noho izany, tamin\u2019ny 2015, ny Blue Ventures dia <\/span>nanomboka ny tetikasa fambolena hazo fanao kitay<\/span><\/a> tany Ambanja, niaraka tamina vondrona mpanjono sy tantsaha dimy navitrika tamin\u2019ny fambolen-kazo ho toy ny antom-pivelomana faharoa sy loharano maharitra ho an\u2019ny arina fandrehitra, azo asolo ny arina azo amin\u2019ny ala honko. Ankehitriny, <\/span>18 % monja amin\u2019ny fil\u00e0na arina fandrehitra<\/span><\/a> ao Ambanja sy any Nosy Be, izay ivon\u2019ny fizahan-tany, no voasaron\u2019izany fambolena kitay maharitra izany, fa ny ambiny kosa dia avy amin\u2019ny fikapana tsy ara-dal\u00e0na ny ala honko.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tamin\u2019ny voalohany, sahala amin\u2019ny sarotra ihany ity teknika ity, hoy Manitriavy, iray amin\u2019ireo mpamboly hazo vaovao. Saingy rehefa nanandrana ireo fomba nohatsaraina dia nazava tamiko fa tena mamaly ny fil\u00e0nay ity teknika ity : tsy tena miavaka amin\u2019ny fombanay mahazatra, nefa tsara lavitra ny vokatra sy ny kalitao !\u00a0“<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ny tanjona amin\u2019ny fambolena hazo atao kitay dia ny hambolena hazo mora maniry (eto dia ny <\/span>Acacia mangium<\/span><\/i>), izay azo kapaina afaka telo na efa-taona monja, arakaraky ny toe-tany. Rehefa vonona hokapaina ny hazo, dia dorana anaty fatana mba hanaovana arina fandrehitra – izany no antsoina hoe \u201ccarbonisation\u201d. Azo ampiasaina avy eo ny arina fandrehitra, indrindra ho an\u2019ny fandrahoana. Any amin\u2019ireo tan\u00e0na any avaratra-andrefan\u2019i Madagasikara, tsy azo ianteherana loatra ny herinaratra, ary any ambanivohitra aza dia tsy misy mihitsy izany, ka tsy afaka mampiasa fatana mandeha amin\u2019ny herinaratra raha hahandro sakafo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nandritra izay telo taona farany izay dia nanokana fotoana sy herim-po betsaka tamin\u2019ny fitadiavana loharanon\u2019angovo hafa ho an\u2019ny fandrahoana sakafo izahay. Nandinika ireo fitaovana mandeha amin\u2019ny herin\u2019ny masoandro, saingy lafo loatra izany ho an\u2019ireo mponina iarahanay miasa. Ankoatr\u2019izay, nitafa tamina orinasa mpamokatra \u201cbiodigesteurs\u201d izahay, saingy lafo ihany koa ny saran\u2019izany. Nanandrana ireo fandrehitra ecolojika vita amin\u2019ny baoritra koa izahay tany Toliara, any atsimo-andrefana, saingy vitsy ny baoritra ao Ambanja noho izy tan\u00e0na kely, aty avaratra. Ny fikambanana mpiara-miasa aminay amin\u2019ny tetikasa angovo natoraly, <\/span>Nitidae<\/span><\/a>, dia nitady fomba mety hamokarana fandrehitra vita amin\u2019ny fonona mahabibo, saingy tsy ampy ny hazo mahabibo aty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na dia samy manana ny lafitsarany aza ireo fomba tsirairay avy ireo, dia samy manana ny fetrany ihany koa. Hitako fa tsy misy vahaolana mahagaga tokana ho an\u2019ny famokarana angovo maharitra amin\u2019ny fandrahoana aty amin\u2019ity toerana mitokana ity, saingy mety ho ampahan\u2019izany vahaolana izany ny famokarana arina fandrehitra avy amin\u2019ny <\/span>Acacia mangium<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Manohizara, an alternative fuelwood producer in his plantation | Photo: Louise Jasper<\/p><\/div>\n

Hatramin\u2019ny nanombohana ny tetikasa tamin\u2019ny 2015, mpamboly 40 no namboly hazo miisa 105.000, teo amin\u2019ny tany mivelatra manodidina ny 100ha. Tamin\u2019ny 2020, nitombo tsara ny hazo, tonga ny fotoana hikapana azy. Mba anohanana ireo mpamboly mandritra izany, dia niara-niasa tamin\u2019ny ONG iraisam-pirenena Nitidae izahay, izay mamolavola tetikasa mitondra zava-baovao ary miaro ny tontolo iainana no sady manatsara ny toekarena ifotony. Noho ny traikefany amin\u2019ny famoronana tombom-barotra sy ny angovo maharitra, dia Nitidae no mpiara-miasa mety indrindra amin\u2019ity tetikasa ity.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nikasa hanampy ireo mpamboly hazon-kitay ny Nitidae amin\u2019ny famokarana arina fandrehitra tsara kalitao, amin\u2019ny alalan\u2019ny teknika \u201ccarbonisation\u201d mahomby kokoa noho ny fomba mahazatra, izay tsy voafehy, ka miteraka arina fandrehitra ratsy kalitao sy maivan-danja.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Teams from Blue Ventures and Nitidae met with the communities to discuss the plantations | Photo: Blue Ventures<\/div><\/div><\/div>
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A consultation with the producers before the carbonisation process | Photo: Blue Ventures<\/div><\/div>
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The producers also learnt how to cut their trees most efficiently | Photo: Blue Ventures<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Some Acacia trees after two years of growth | Photo: Leah Glass<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

Nitidae sy Blue Ventures dia nikarakara fivoriana niaraka tamin\u2019ireo olona dimy izay vonona hikapa ny hazony ho an\u2019ny famokarana arina fandrehitra. Anthony, avy ao amin\u2019ny Nitidae, dia nanolotra ireo fanatsarana tsotra nefa mahomby izay horesahana mandritra ny fampiofanana. Voalohany dia nianatra ny fomba fanamainana ny hazo mialohan\u2019ny fandorana azy ireo mpamokatra, mba tsy ho mando ny fatana. Avy eo, nampianarina azy ny fomba fametrahana ny hazo anatin\u2019ny fatana mba ampitomboana ny lanjany, sy ny fomba fandrakofana azy amin\u2019ny fasika sy ravin-kazo mba tsy ivoahan\u2019ny setroka.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ny fanaovana fivoahan-tsetroka sy lalan-drivotra mba amehezana ny fivezivezen\u2019ny rivotra sy ny mari-pana anatin\u2019ny fatana no tena nahavariana ireo mpamokatra : arakaraky ny fiadanan\u2019ny fandorana ny hazo no mahatsara kalitao ny arina azo avy aminy.<\/span><\/p>\n

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The wood is neatly arranged in the kiln, with thicker trunks arou<\/div><\/div>
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Laying the foundations of a kiln | Photo: <\/div><\/div><\/div>
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We used small devices to measure the humidity of the wood | Photo: C\u00e9cile Schneider<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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Covering the kiln with sand to trap the smoke | Photo: Blue Ventures<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

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Roa volana taorian\u2019ny fampiofanana voalohany, taorian\u2019ny fikapana sy fanamainana ny hazo, dia vonona hanangana ny fatana ireo mpamokatra araka izay nianarany hatreo : tapahina sy atoby ny hazo, rakofana fasika sy ravin-kazo, ary fehezina amin\u2019ny alalan\u2019ny fametrahana lalan-drivotra ny mari-pana. 3 hatramin\u2019ny 5 andro aorian\u2019izay (arakaraky ny haben\u2019ny fatana), may ny hazo ary azo angonina sy lanjaina ny arina fandrehitra.<\/span><\/p>\n

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The finished kiln, covered with sand and wrapped with leaves | Photo: Blue Ventures<\/div><\/div><\/div>
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ChaManitriavy and his fellow producers collecting the charcoal | Photo: C\u00e9cile Schneider<\/div><\/div>
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Narvel, a charcoal producer, and his wife start to bag up the charcoal | Photo: <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

Talohan\u2019ny nanombohako ny fambolen-kazo, hoy Manitriavy sady mitsiky, tsy takatro ny lanja sy ny tombom-barotra azo avy amin\u2019ity asa ity. Saingy hatramin\u2019ny nirotsahako tamin\u2019ity fambolena ity dia efa mijinja ireo tombon-tsoa aho ary faly, tsy ho an\u2019ny ampahan-tany sahaniko ihany fa ho an\u2019ireo manodidina koa : mihamaitso ny tontolo ! Nandritra ity andiany voalohany ity, dia nahazo tombony tamin\u2019ny famboleko aho. Mbola vao manomboka izany, saingy valin-kasasarako ka mandrisika ahy ho an\u2019ny ho avy.”<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Raha mamokatra arina 10-15% avy amin\u2019ny hazo ny fatana mahazatra, dia nahatratra 20-25% izahay. Raha ny ara-tontolo iainana no resahina, midika izany fa ny famokarana arina fandrehitra 1 kg avy amin\u2019ny fambolena <\/span>Acacia mangium<\/span><\/i> dia ahafahana miaro hazo 8 kg avy amin\u2019ny ala honko na faritra voaaro hafa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Fantatsika fa mihasimba andro aman\u2019alina ny tontolo iainana, indrindra noho ny fanimbana ny ala, hoy Manitriavy. Aty izao dia voararan\u2019ny sampana misahana ny ala ny mikapa ireo ala honko voajanahary. Resy lahatra 100% aho fa maro ireo olona afaka mamboly hazo haingam-paniry any amin\u2019ny tany misy azy avy, na dia amokarany ny arina ampiasainy ao an-trano fotsiny aza. Andrana tsara ho ahy ny vokatro voalohany, ka manentana ny rehetra aho mba hiroso amin\u2019izany fomba izany, satria mitondra tombom-barotra ho an\u2019ny mpamokatra no sady ahafahana misoroka ny faharavan\u2019ny tontolo iainana noho ny fanimbana ny ala.”<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Any amin\u2019ny distrikan\u2019Ambanja, ireo fikambanam-pokonolona 12 mitantana ifotony ny harena voajanahary dia nivondrona ho federasiona, ny Federasiona Miaramientagna. Ity federasiona ity dia mitana andraikitra lehibe amin\u2019ny fanentanana momba ny akony ara-tontolo iainana ateraky ny fikapana ala honko, ary indrindra, ny akony ara-sosialy sy ara-toekarena mety hianjady amin\u2019ny mponina. Niaraka tamin\u2019ny fanampianay, dia nisafidy ny Federasiona Miaramiantagna hametaka ny \u201clogo\u201d an\u2019izy ireo eo amin\u2019ireo kitapon\u2019arina, miaraka amin\u2019ny soratra hoe : \u00ab\u00a0Arina novokarina avy amin\u2019ny fambolena Acacia mangium<\/i> – Ity vokatra ity dia ahafahan\u2019ny fokonolona ifotony mitantana sy miaro ny ala honko ho an\u2019ny tombontsoan\u2019ny rehetra\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n

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A bag of charcoal ready for sale, donning the federation’s logo | Photo: <\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/a>
Manitriavy is very happy with his venture into alternative charcoal production | Photo: Blue Ventures<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

Ireo mpikambana amin\u2019ny Federasiona Miaramientagna dia nanaparitaka sy nivarotra ny arina fandrehitra vaovao any Ambanja eo anivon\u2019ireo mpamokatra, ary nanazava fa manampy amin\u2019ny fiarovana ny ala honko izany. Ho tambiny dia nahazo tombony 1.000 Ariary isan-kitapo ny federasiona (12.000 Ariary ny kitapo iray), izay nahafahana nameno ny karaman\u2019ireo andrimaso miaro ny ala honko, sy nanomezana fanalana hetaheta ho an\u2019ireo mpandray anjara tamin\u2019ireo hetsika fambolena ala honko, tontosaina imbetsaka isan-taona.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rehefa niverina nijery an\u2019i Manitriavy tany amin\u2019ny famboleny aho tamin\u2019ny desambra, dia hitako ny fahagagan\u2019ny natiora : teo amin\u2019ny toerana nikapana hazo, dia efa maro sahady ireo hazo mitsiry. Mahavelombolo ny mieritreritra fa afaka taona vitsy indray, dia ho hazo vaventy ireo tsiry ireo ka hanome antom-pivelomana ho an\u2019i Manitriavy sy ny mpiara-monina aminy.<\/span><\/p>\n

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A new seedling | Photo: C\u00e9cile Schneider<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

Raha te-hahafantatra momba ny <\/span>fambolena hazon-kitay<\/span><\/a> ao Ambanja<\/span><\/p>\n

Raha te-hahafantatra momba ireo tetikasanay <\/span>ala honko<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Jereo ny <\/span>horonantsarinay momba ny Tahiry Honko<\/span><\/a>, tetikasam-pokonolona lehibe indrindra fitahirizana karibaonina amin\u2019ny honko<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fihaonana tamin\u2019ireo mpamokatra kitay any Ambanja, izay miaro ny ala honko any avaratra-andrefan\u2019i Madagasikara amin\u2019ny alalan\u2019ny fambolena Acacia mangium mba hamokarana arina fandrehitra maharitra ho an\u2019ny fandrahoana.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":214,"featured_media":23760,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[724],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27517","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-madagascar-mg"],"yoast_head":"\nFikarohana arina fandrehitra maharitra - Blue Ventures - Beyond Conservation blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Fihaonana tamin\u2019ireo mpamokatra kitay any Ambanja, izay miaro ny ala honko any avaratra-andrefan\u2019i Madagasikara amin\u2019ny alalan\u2019ny fambolena Acacia mangium mba hamokarana arina fandrehitra maharitra ho an\u2019ny fandrahoana.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.blueventures.org\/mg\/fikarohana-arina-fandrehitra-maharitra\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"mg_MG\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fikarohana arina fandrehitra maharitra - 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